The reserve behind Caesar’s cavalry
Caesar describes detaching six cohorts from his infantry to counter an anticipated cavalry attack. When Pompey’s horsemen advanced, this additional line checked them and then threatened the exposed infantry flank. Caesar also committed fresh troops to the main struggle. His explanation makes coordination and reserves central to the victory; it remains the victorious commander’s account of his own decisions.
Pompey’s flight and the war that continued
Pompey escaped the battlefield and sought refuge in Egypt, where he was murdered before he could rebuild his position. Caesar followed, becoming involved in the Alexandrian conflict. The defeat of one rival therefore opened another campaign rather than ending every contest for power. Opponents of Caesar would continue fighting elsewhere, including Africa and Spain.
Questions people ask
Why did Pompey lose at Pharsalus?
Caesar’s infantry reserve frustrated the cavalry attack intended to turn his flank. The subsequent flank assault and commitment of fresh infantry helped break Pompey’s formation.
Did Caesar order his soldiers to attack riders’ faces?
Plutarch’s later biography tells that story. Caesar describes the reserve manoeuvre without that explanation. The tactical reserve is better established than claims about the cavalrymen’s fear of disfigurement.
Step into The Battle of Pharsalus
Outnumbered and far from home, face Pompey’s army across the plain. Read the ground, weigh the strength of his cavalry, and decide where your thin line needs support.
This episode is a planned playable documentary. You can explore its narrated opening and make one decision now. The three acts below describe the full story in development. Once completed, it will be free for everyone.
- Read Pompey’s line
- Prepare your response
- Commit to the battle
Sources and perspective
Ancient accounts reflect their authors’ positions and often disagree. These sources inform the historical summary; dialogue, player roles and imagery in the documentary may be dramatized.
- Caesar · Civil War 3.84–104
Caesar’s account of the armies, battle, pursuit and Pompey’s death.
- Plutarch · Life of Caesar 44–49
A later narrative containing the famous story about targeting cavalrymen’s faces.
An original historical guide by The Age of Rome. Updated 14 September 2026.
